Cashless Society Essays (323 words) - Payment Systems, E-commerce

Cashless Society Cashless Society One article that caught my attention recently was one presented in the November 21, 1998 issue of The Economist. The article was about a cashless society and how well alternative forms of tender were catching on. According to the article, some forms of the smart card haven't caught on as well as expected. Smart cards have information embedded in them, essentially allowing a consumer to purchase things quickly and conveniently. It was the hope that these cards would supplant paper and coin money forever. However, that has not been the case. Smart cards do exits, however. In the article, it is mentioned that smart cards with chips embedded in them allowed a customer to quickly swipe the card through the reader. Thirty-two cents is then deducted. Simple and easy, right? Well, it hasn't caught on. One of the main reasons that smart cards have struggled a bit is that it has competition in the form of current debit cards. People can purchase anything they desire with these cards already. Therefore, there wouldn't be any added value of having a debit card. A survey of 2,400 North Americans by Smart Card Forum gives some interesting results. According to the survey, more than three-quarters would have liked to have a card that stored vital medical and car-related information. Less than half wanted a card that they could use to purchase things with. Another problem facing smart cards is compatibility. Current smart cards utilize only on a small range of readers. For example, a smart card for parking meters in Boston would not work for ones in New York. And since local governments control those areas of jurisdiction, it has to take a national effort to make it work. This means that the U.S. government must implement and lead the way. When this happens, then we will truly see the fall of paper and coin money. Social Issues Essays

Cleft Lip essays

Cleft Lip essays Prehistoric art tells historians that people once thought congenital diseases, or birth defects, werebad omens or the displeasing of the gods. In one instance, it was thought that cleft lip was caused by themother of the baby being startled by a rabbit. Odd as it may seem, at that time it was the most logicalexplanation for that particular birth defect. However, now we know that a cleft lip is not caused by amother being startled by a rabbit, but by the environment the mother is in, the ethnicity, race, genetics,sex, and so on. Cleft lip is the fourth most frequent congenital disease in the United States. On average,one of every 700 newborns is affected by this disease, which means that approximently 5,000 babies areborn with cleft lip every year. This very common defect goes along with many other defects as well. Affected babies go through surgery to sew the lip around 1 to 2 months of age, later dental/orthodonticcare, ear care, and speech therapy. Although a lot of cleft lip cases accommodate some mental situations,a lot of cases do not. First of all, the prefix cleft means split, so knowing this, a cleft lip is a separation, or split, in the upper lip. The cleft might only be on one side of the lip making a small notch,or it could go all the way to the base of the nose. This type of a cleft lip is called a unilateral. A secondtype of a cleft lip is called a bi-lateral where there is one cleft on each side of the lip. The separation isusually an opening where the upper lip failed to grow together. The failing to grow together can varyfrom a small notch at the top of the lip to a complete separation stretching to the nose. How this defecthappens goes back to genetics. Every child inherits 100,000 genes, 50,000 from each parent. There are anumber of inherited genes that combine together to form the face, palate, or lip, and that can cause aproblem. In most cases, cleft lip happens because of a combination of ge...

Experience in writing the critical analysis Essay

Experience in writing the critical analysis - Essay Example I rarely take statements the way they appear. I have been able to ask, why? In many occasions, this has become part of statement argument in my daily life. Literary analysis is crucial in writing process and I am so convinced that given any work on this, I will be able to handle with a lot of enthusiasm and care. I understand how the written word and language can be powerful. In this class, I am also able to get concepts and expression of ideas. The ideas go together with knowledge and thoughts. In addition, I do not have difficulty in proper sentence construction. My critical analysis essay is very complex in nature with many dimensional views. It gives me the rational knowledge to apply that helps me create a perfect way of logical thinking process. Through this, I am able to see things or expressions in more than one way. For instance, if I look at the most said English phrase â€Å"love is blind†, I am able to analyze it just to get the most appropriate meaning. Logically, what comes into my mind is the author of the phrase, William Shakespeare. Then I would understand that he is a very powerful person since his literary work is sold all over the world. There is a reason for quoting this phrase. It dawns on me that the author’s phrase is very simple, but it holds deep meaning and captures attention of many other scholars and writers. It has gained fame all over the world. ... I will not stress much on this, but let me go back to the subject of the topic. When I refocus on writing skills, understanding the powerful nature of particular statement is crucial. This helps where it can be used effectively in a given sentence construction. In exemplifying this, an analysis on environmental perspective, the writer Steinbeck stressed on embracing and cherishing the natural environment. He states in his book, â€Å"fingers of cloud† the most proper way of treating the environment. The title of his work is reflecting on creativity and one understands the environmental concept more deeply. In using one of his major characters, Gertie, who disregarded all her worldly duties and only embraced radiant mystery of tall mountains and bright skies, he is able to describe the hidden meaning of the title. At least now I am more effective in presenting my written work especially when it comes to research paper. Previously, I would always state what was learnt in class a nd my research findings just in a general way. This time round, I am able to formulate supportive and critical ideas from different sources. Description on my report writing has become a very easy and I can do my work effectively. The classes I had really helped me in writing better papers. In my learning process, I am able to understand and put together various ideas in a coherent and in a correct way, according to the requirements of my assignment. In demonstrating my position, when I look at the research that I have written, the description on the â€Å"Fingers of Cloud,† where it is presented that Steinbeck’s fiction is very interesting when he decided to lengthen the rift between the real and the metaphysical. In addition, different interesting skills I have learnt in writing show my

Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Development - Essay Example Moreover, physicians constitute to twenty percent of the entire hospital board members whilst other supplementary clinicians contribute to approximately five percent. Nurses need to view themselves as fundamental decision makers who are extremely capable of influencing health results (Watts & Gordon, 2012). This process mainly entail undertaking campaign that mainly foster engagements of the well trained nurses to public policy and corresponding health care association boards mainly at the state and national levels. There ought to be leadership at each level that will mainly incorporate program for engaging staff nursing and empowering floor nurses thus advancing patient care (Watts & Gordon, 2012). The alterations ought to be tested over certain duration and implemented in case they prove to be helpful. Moreover, the program has advanced patient results encompassing eradication within falls with harms and corresponding 30-day hospital readmission rates. There is a massive chance of transforming culture of the health care when the nurses are better equipped and capable to mainly practice and enact full degree of their underlying education and

The Organizing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Organizing Process - Essay Example The first step involves reviewing objectives and plans. Objectives are activities that must be completed in order for the organization to achieve its goals. In this step, the organization shapes the activities needed for the achievement of organizational goals. Managers need to examine plans and identify the need for change as new goals are formulated. The second step is the determination of work activities that are necessary for the accomplishment of the objectives. This step requires managers to list and analyze all the tasks that are central to the achievement of organizational goals. The third step is the classification and grouping of the work activities into manageable units. Managers group activities based on the four models of departmentalization that is geographical, functional, customer and product. The fourth step is the assignment of activities and delegation of authority. Managers assign defined work activities to people within the organization. The assigned individuals are empowered to carry out their duties in accordance with the mission and vision of the organization. The last step is the design of a hierarchy of relationships. Managers begin by determining the horizontal and vertical relationships that exist in the organization. Managers develop an organizational chart, which shows the relationships. The concept of authority presupposes specific types of power. The mark of authority is in the index of recognition that usually accompanies authority that makes power legitimate.

Contract Law Case Study

Contract Law Case Study PART I LINUS WISHES TO SUE CHARLIE On what contractual grounds could he sue? Linus could sue Charlie on the grounds of the mailbox rule/postal rule, since a contract was created on June 15, 2009 when Linus wrote back to Charlie accepting the offer, not when it was received. Once the mode of communication is the mail, an acceptance becomes valid when it is dispatched or placed in the control of the US Postal service, not when it is received by the offeror. Will Linus prevail? Yes, Linus will prevail even though the agreement was not communicated to the offeror, it does not prevent the contract from being created. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims would Charlie have? Charlies defense for a counterclaim should include the fact that while Linus accepted the offer in a timely fashion, the acceptance did not correspond with the offer, when Linus requested to change the original offer that changed the terms of the agreement and an offer in one set of terms can hardly be accepted by a communication in different terms. Will Charlie prevail? Yes, and to reiterate that an acceptance of a contract means that nothing should be added to the offer, even if it is consistent or similar to the offer. The offeree must accept unequivocally without changing the original offer. CHARLIE WISHES TO SUE THE VET On what contractual grounds could he sue? Charlie could sue on the grounds that while there was an exculpatory clause on the receipt releasing Vet Emporium from liability in connection with the treatment of Snoopy and Woodstock, that did not waive the veterinarians standard of care owed to the patients. This unconscionable clause is voidable for reasons of public policy, because a party may not exempt themselves from liability from a duty imposed on them by a statute for their negligence in the performance of a duty imposed upon them by law. Charlie could recover for intentional infliction of emotional distress for harm to Woodstock. Will he prevail? Yes, the veterinarians conduct was unprofessional, when he endangered the health and welfare of Woodstock due to unreasonable safety. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims would the Vet have? The veterinarian may assert that the exculpatory agreement which was part of the receipt waived Charlies right to sue for injuries on the grounds that the extended boarding services provided was not a primary function of the veterinarians practice and when Charlie used these services, he did so voluntarily. Will he prevail? Probably not, while waivers are customarily part of a boarding agreement, they are unenforceable in many jurisdictions. SALLY WISHES TO SUE THE VET On what contractual grounds could she sue? She could sue on the grounds of breach of a unilateral contract. Once an offer has been made such as when Vet Emporium posted the advertisement all over the area of a reward for the return of Woodstock, acceptance of that contract was satisfied when Woodstock was found by Sally. Once Sally performed the condition, the offeror was contractually obliged to pay her. Will she prevail? Possibly, there might be an issue with the way in which she returned Woodstock. She probably should have taken him to Vet Emporium to collect the reward. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would the Vet have? Vet Emporium could argue that Sally was not obligated to the reward since she did not return Woodstock to their office. Will they prevail? Yes, this was condition precedent contract that stipulated that Woodstock had to be returned to Vet Emporium in order to collect the $50.00 reward. THE VET WISHES TO SUE CHARLIE On what contractual grounds could he sue? He could sue for failure of payment for services rendered to Snoopy. Will he prevail? Yes, payment is still due for caring of Snoopy. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would Charlie have? In defense, Charlie could state that because of the veterinarians negligence Snoopy suffered emotional loneliness when Woodstock flew away, he should be awarded damages. Will he prevail? Yes. Compensatory damages can be awarded for the breach of contract. SALLY WISHES TO SUE CHARLIE On what contractual grounds could she sue? Sally could sue Charlie for refusing to pay as agreed, for caring for Woodstock. Will she prevail? Yes, Charlie expressed orally that he would reimburse Sally $100.00 for finding and caring of Woodstock. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would Charlie have? None, Sally expected payment for service and Charlie should have known that payment was expected. Will he prevail? No, Charlie could have picked up Woodstock without offering to reimburse Sally. He committed himself to the payment. LUCY WISHES TO SUE LINUS On what contractual grounds could she sue? Lucy can sue Linus for compensatory damages for the loss of bargain of the work that he was to perform. Will she prevail? Yes, she can sue Linus for breach to recover the additional $325.00 in compensatory damages and for other fees incurred to obtain performance from another source. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would Linus have? Linus could argue that the breach was unintentional and was based upon the reliance of a contract with another party. Will he prevail? No. Regardless of the circumstances, he still breached his contract with Lucy. PART II SCHROEDER V LUCY On what contractual grounds could he sue? Schroeder could sue on the grounds that he was not advised to obtain his own independent counsel to have the document reviewed before signing the prenuptial agreement. He could sue that the agreement was unconscionable when it was executed and, he was not provided a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other party and he did not have, or reasonably could not have had, an adequate knowledge of the property or financial obligations of the other party. Will he prevail? The resulted outcome can go either way, prenuptial agreements are routinely upheld and enforced by courts in virtually all states, even if only one party had an attorney (In re Marriage of Bonds 2000); however, there are circumstances in which courts have refused to enforce certain portions and provisions of such agreements(Estate of Lutz 1997). What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims would Lucy have? Lucys defense would be that while her actions were not laudatory they did not negate the voluntary nature of the execution. A unilateral promise such as to buy Schroeder a new piano if he will marry must be in writing. Such statements were not included in her prenuptial agreement. Lucy could also argue that it is Schroeders responsibility to delay the signing of an agreement that may not be understood. Will Lucy prevail? Yes, she acted appropriately and retained counsel on her behalf. LUCY V LAWYER On what contractual grounds could she sue? She could sue the attorney for negligent misconduct, malpractice and misrepresentation by concealment of not informing her of his status to practice law. The attorney violated state statues which prohibits the unauthorized practice of law and suspension for failure to pay bar fees. Will she prevail? Yes, many states have statues that suspend attorneys from practicing law for failure to pay their bar fees. Failure to pay the annual license fee will automatically suspend the delinquent lawyer from the practicing law in that state. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims would the Lawyer have? None, he violated a state statue, and committed a fraud by practicing law knowing that his license may be suspended for not paying his bar dues. He shouldnt have any defenses available because he engaged in fraudulent misrepresentation that was detrimental to public policy. Will he prevail in his defenses or his counterclaims? No. Technically, all the work that he might have done while not in the possession of a valid license might be voided. PIGPEN V MARCIE On what contractual grounds could he sue? Pigpen could sue Marcie for fraudulent misrepresentation the facts for failing to disclose that they is an insect infestation, when she informed Pigpen that there was no insect problem in her home. Pigpen could also sue for recovery of his earnest money that he gave to Marcie. Will he prevail? Yes. Marcie failed to comply with the full performance of the contract. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims could Marcie have? Marcie can argue substantial complete performance by getting rid of the insect infestation. Will she prevail in his defenses or her counterclaims? No. The problem with insect infestation cannot be easily corrected and intentionally failing to comply with the terms is a breach of contract. She intentionally withheld pertinent information from Pigpen about the condition of her home in regards to insects. LUCY V MARCIE On what contractual grounds could she sue? Pigpen could sue Marcie for fraudulent misrepresentation the facts for failing to disclose that they is an insect infestation, when she informed Pigpen that there was no insect problem in her home. Pigpen could also sue for recovery of his earnest money that he gave to Marcie. Will he prevail? Yes. Marcie failed to comply with the full performance of the contract. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims could Marcie have? Marcie can argue substantial complete performance by getting rid of the insect infestation. Will she prevail in his defenses or her counterclaims? No. The problem with insect infestation cannot be easily corrected and intentionally failing to comply with the terms is a breach of contract. She intentionally withheld pertinent information from Pigpen about the condition of her home in regards to insects. LUCY V MARCIE On what contractual grounds could she sue? None, Marcie placed a condition upon which the sale would go forward if the sale of her existing home met the conditions outlined. Will she prevail? No. Since Marcie was unable to secure a buyer for her home, the offer to buy Lucys home is voided on the grounds that the condition preceded her absolute duty to buy. What if any defenses, contractual arguments or counterclaims could Marcie have? Marcie could use the defense that she placed the condition precedent in her contract that she would buy Lucys home upon the sale of her own home for $300,000 or more within 30 days. Will she prevail in her defenses or her counterclaims? Yes, if no one pays the price she has established within the period indicated, the agreement to buy Lucys home will fail because the condition precedent was not met. MOMS V SCHROEDER On what contractual grounds could they sue Schroeder? The moms can sue on the grounds of personal performance because they did not consent to the change. The moms can claim that delegation was not effective because the students complained about Peppermint Pattys ability and that materially altered their expectations. On what contractual grounds could they sue Peppermint Patty? They could sue Peppermint Patty for breach of her duty. Special trust was placed on her performance based on the personal skills of Schroeder. Will they prevail? Yes. Contractual duties cannot be delegated. The performance by Peppermint Patty varied materially from what was expected. Also, a delegation of duties does not relieve Schroeder of his obligations under the contract. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would Schroeder have? None, once Peppermint Patty failed to perform then Schroeder is liable to the moms. Will he prevail? No, the assumption of duty by Peppermint Patty varied materially from what was expected. Could he sue Peppermint Patty? Schroeder can sue Peppermint Patty for breach of contract and performance of duty. PEPPERMINT PATTY V SCHROEDER On what contractual grounds could she sue Schroeder? Peppermint Patty could sue Schroeder for payment of services rendered. Regardless of the fact, that the duties were not performed to the satisfaction of the moms, she still completed her obligation. Will she prevail? Possibly, personal satisfaction of the party must be fulfilled in order for a court to rule, unless the expression of dissatisfaction is to avoid payment. What if any defenses or contractual arguments would Schroeder have? Schroeder could argue that Peppermint Patty did not perform to the satisfaction of the moms and therefore performance was not satisfied and the condition was not fulfilled. Will he prevail? Yes, the breach was material since the performance was not at least substantial. Could he sue Peppermint Patty? Yes, he could sue Peppermint Patty for breach of contract of nonperformance of a contractual duty. PART III Once the offer was accepted by Linus from Charlie using the mailbox rule, the contract was valid and became effective upon acceptance. Linus is entitled to the $500 originally offered by Charlie. Vet Emporiums is already bound by contract to perform a certain duty and should not be compensated for their negligence of duty, but should remedy Charlie for the loss and harm they caused Woodstock. It would not be prudent for Vet Emporium to compensate Sally for the return of Woodstock because the advertisement posted contained conditional precedent for the return to their office. Sally is entitled to the payment of $100 from Charlie since he orally expressed his intentions to reimburse Sally for finding and caring of Woodstock. Lucy should recover an additional $325.00 in compensatory damages and for other fees incurred to obtain performance from another source. Schroeder signed the prenuptial agreement voluntarily and the promises made by Lucy were not stipulated in the agreement so ther e are no grounds for compensation. Lucy should pay the attorney because of his negligence, malpractice and misrepresentation to practice law. Lucys attorney should be suspended for failure to pay his bar dues and the courts in the state where he practices should review all his cases. Pigpen should received compensation of his earnest money funds from Marcie and the contract should be voided for breach by Marcie. Lucys contract with Marcie is void because of the conditional precedent that Marcie placed upon the offer. Without the sale of her home, there is no valid contract with Lucy. The moms had a right from Schroeder to perform his contractual duty and should be compensated nominally for damages suffered. Peppermint Patty performed her obligations under this contract and Schroeder should pay for those services rendered, regardless of the satisfaction of the customers. That satisfaction is the responsibility of Schroder since he was the obligor. References: Clarkson, Miller, Jentz, and Frank B Cross (2009). Business Law, Text and Cases, 11th Ed., South-Western Lexis-Nexis Legal Research

Ethics in International Security Essay -- Governmetn Politics Persuasi

Ethics in International Security Introduction: Since the attacks on the United States on September 11th 2001, governments, corporations, and individuals have been focused on the increasing problem of security. Countries all across the world are increasing security and intelligence gathering in order to protect against terrorism. Though the United States was the focus of the terrorist attack on September 11th, the entire world recognized the impending threat of international terrorism. Because terrorist organizations are decentralized, it is impossible to locate and quarantine an organization in order to disperse the threat. Typically when a country is seen as a threat, the country is occupied until the threat is removed. However, in this case it is not possible to take the same action. Therefore, it is important to combat this threat through a means that is effective against a decentralized enemy. This means is information. The world is currently in an era of technology where any information is almost immediately available. This includes information in areas such as stock exchanges, weapons, banking information, corporate transactions, and governmental secrets. Every industry is becoming so tightly coupled with the internet that the concept of being disconnected is almost unthinkable. However, increased connectivity means increased risk. All of this information is not only available for people to learn from and use positively, it has considerable potential to be used to harm. Terrorists have the ability to use these resources to their advantage in gaining strategic information about their targets and use it in an attack. However, these potential threats do not only come from outside forces. In the atte... ...nal Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991. Cooper, Charles. Is Microsoft spying for the US government?. 4 October 2002. ZDNet Australia, accessed 10 June 2003. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection: The Threat Is Real. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1999, accessed 10 June 2003. HR 3162 RDS. 107th CONGRESS 1st Session. October 23, 2001, accessed 10 June 2003. Kalimtzis, Kostas. Aristotle on Political Enmity and Disease. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. Schneier, Bruce. Secrets and Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.